• Most data regarding fish CXCR functions have

  2019-09-06

  

  Most data regarding fish CXCR4 functions have accumulated from work in zebrafish where a range of genetic tools and imaging technologies have been developed. As mentioned above, in teleost fish the two CXCR4s (CXCR4a and 4b) are assumed to interact with two ligands (CXCL12a and 12b) and this differe

• One of the therapeutic proteins used

  2019-09-06

  

  One of the therapeutic proteins used in cancer therapy is glucarpidase, also known as Carboxypeptidase G2, CPG2, which originates from the bacterium Variovorax paradoxus (old name, Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16). It has no mammalian equivalent (Thompson et al., 1994; Kamlage, 1994) and is a zinc-depe

• BR stimulated PA formation via the DGK pathway might have

  2019-09-05

  

  BR-stimulated PA formation via the DGK pathway might have many effects in regulation of cell metabolism. For example, PA originated from DGKs pathway plays important roles in activation of NADPH oxidases, thus turning on ROS signaling [23]. PA is also connected to regulation of respiration processes

• br Materials and methods br

  2019-09-05

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion Conclusions Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31302162, 31171762), National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,

• Cancer patients may develop cachexia

  2019-09-05

  

  Cancer patients may develop cachexia, a deleterious wasting syndrome that is associated with muscle atrophy and has an impact on the well-being of patients and on the response to the treatment. Indeed, cachexia is a devastating and often irreversible syndrome observed in up to 80% of cancer patients

• Since the dideoxy analogues and served as

  2019-09-05

  

  Since the 1,2-dideoxy analogues, and , served as substrates for TgTCEA and TgTCEB, respectively, with the higher affinity (lower ) and lower turnover number (lower ) than their authentic substrates, PosA and PosB (such trend was more evident on analogue for TgTCEB than on analog for TgTCEA), an i

• ER stress was monitored by both an

  2019-09-05

  

  ER stress was monitored by both an increase of the ER chaperone (GRP78, GRP94) and the activation of the ER resident caspase-12. ER stress response (also known as the unfolded protein response) is a defense mechanism against various cellular stresses which causes accumulation of unfolded proteins in

• PRRSV is a single stranded positive sense enveloped RNA viru

  2019-09-05

  

  PRRSV is a single-stranded, positive-sense enveloped RNA virus in the family Arteriviridae of the order Nidovirales (Meng et al., 1994, 1996). The PRRSV ML 221 pathway is approximately 15 kb in length and contains eleven known open reading frames (ORFs) (Snijder et al., 2013). The 3′ end of the gen

• Fluorescein-12-dUTP and In the present study we investigated

  2019-09-04

  

  In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine withdrawal on G-protein coupling to opioid and ET receptors in neonatal rats. Morphine-induced G-protein activation was significantly higher in neonatal rats undergoing morphine withdrawal; suggesting enhanced coupling of the receptors to G

• Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Breast cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy. There are some recognized risk factors for breast cancer, like early menarche or late menopause, which increase the length of the exposure to hormones, as a result of a higher number of ovarian cycles [1]. Moreover, there is evidence supp

• Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Glucose is the major carbon source in most organisms. Cancer Amyloid Beta-Peptide (1-40) in particular require a steady source of energy to maintain growth and proliferation, and preferentially use glycolysis for their energy supply even under aerobic conditions. Glucose uptake in mam

• It was demonstrated that ET signaling is the primary

  2019-09-04

  

  It was demonstrated that ET-1 signaling is the primary axon guidance mechanism that accounts for sympathetic innervation of the sinoatrial node and myocardium in the developing mouse heart [11]. In this article, we will review the findings relating to the basic profiles; i.e. molecular features of

• br DGKs inhibition and signaling Local DAG levels are strict

  2019-09-04

  

  DGKs inhibition and signaling Local DAG levels are strictly controlled by a balance between synthesis and degradation rates. Both receptor controlled PLC-mediated production and DGK-mediated degradation are classically implicated in the control of “signaling” DAG. However, this dogma is starting

• Introduction DHFR is an important

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction DHFR is an important enzyme in both mammals and microorganism including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It catalyzes folic fura conversion to dihydro and tetrahydro folic acid which is a crucial step in folate pathway [1]. Inhibition of folate pathway leads to interruption of thymidi

• Introduction Formate dehydrogenase enzymes FDHs are a group

  2019-09-04

  

  Introduction Formate dehydrogenase enzymes (FDHs) are a group of heterogeneous proteins that catalyse the reversible formate () oxidation to carbon dioxide () (Eq. (1)). These enzymes are classified in two families, one gathering the enzymes that hold no redox-active centres and another that includ

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