• To overcome problems with the biochemical reconstitution of

  2021-01-15

  

  To overcome problems with the biochemical reconstitution of these heterodimeric cytokines fusion strategies linking both subunits together have been proposed inspired by the “hyper-IL-6” [28]. Much like fusing a protein to a solubility enhancing protein such as MBP or SUMO, fusing two subunits of a

• Chemokines act as ligands for the chemokine

  2021-01-15

  

  Chemokines act as ligands for the chemokine receptors, which possess 7-transmembran domain-type proteins functionally coupled to G proteins. Leukocytes express 19 chemokine receptors which control their influx and activation at the site of inflammation. Human neutrophils express both CXCR-1 and CXCR

• br Methods br Results br Discussion The lowest intra

  2021-01-15

  

  Methods Results Discussion The lowest intra-CeA dose of R278995/CRA0450 that prevented the elevations in GSK180 reward thresholds associated with nicotine withdrawal was 0.05μg/side (0.1μg total bilateral dose). The total bilateral dose in the present study is 100 times lower than the lowe

• While showing that deletion of EP maintains femur bone

  2021-01-14

  

  While showing that deletion of EP1 maintains femur bone volume fraction and trabecular bone parameters during aging, perhaps more importantly we have also demonstrated that increased initial BV/TV in EP1 is protective against OVX-induced bone loss. That is, while mice lose an approximately equal per

• Although many of the hepatic responses

  2021-01-14

  

  Although many of the hepatic responses observed on the first day of recovery attenuated over the course of the recovery period, minimal-to-mild centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy tended to persist. Mean absolute and relative liver weights had returned to control levels after 28 days of recover

• How does an increase in E affinity for the

  2021-01-14

  

  How does an increase in E2 affinity for the RING domain favor higher activity and polyubiquitination by the E2? Binding of the RING domain to the E2 positions the donor Ub in the E2~Ub conjugate in a closed complex [16], [17], [18] that increases the reactivity of the thioester [60]. A higher affini

• While a number of studies have helped elucidate the principl

  2021-01-14

  

  While a number of studies have helped elucidate the principles of target amino group specificity, UBL selectivity, and Ub what he said specificity [3], [4], [9], [10], [14], [19], [20], [23], [24], [33], [34], [37], [38], [39], [40], [41], the role of the canonical E2-RING interface in governing su

• Valproic acid VPA is a

  2021-01-14

  

  Valproic guanylate cyclase (VPA) is a first-line treatment for epilepsy and bipolar disorder, although its therapeutic mechanism of action is not fully understood. Considerable evidence suggests that VPA can act through the GABAergic system, NMDA receptors, and/or sodium channels (for review, see

• DA neurons are capable of

  2021-01-14

  

  DA neurons are capable of somatodendritic and axonal DA release, which may occur at synapses, as well as non-synaptic or asynaptic sites (Trudeau et al., 2014). DA may also be released at different timescales and in response to different DA neuron firing patterns (Grace et al., 2007). Furthermore, s

• br Introduction In mammals there

  2021-01-14

  

  Introduction In mammals there are ten known isoforms of the enzyme diacylglycerol kinase (DGK), as well as gene splice variants. Enzymes of this family all have a homologous active site but differ widely in their molecular mass, mechanisms of activation and biological function (Shulga et al., 201

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion In general

  2021-01-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In general, CI symptoms are often visible only after the chilled products have been removed from coolstore to a warmer temperature (Schirra and Cohen, 1999). However, in the present work, 'satsuma’ mandarin fruit stored at 2°C showed chilling symptom

• Confidence with which data of animal safety

  2021-01-14

  

  Confidence with which data of animal safety/toxicity studies can be translated to human depends upon the knowledge that whether humans would be exposed to similar chemical entities (parent and its metabolites) as the animals exposed during toxicity studies. In this regard, in vitro qualitative evalu

• Two major mechanisms including apoptosis and oxidative stres

  2021-01-14

  

  Two major mechanisms including apoptosis and oxidative stress have been suggested for MTX-induced cytotoxicity (Hafez et al., 2015; Neuman et al., 1999; El-Sheikh et al., 2015). It has been reported that MTX promotes cell death via apoptosis in both cancerous and non-transformed cells (Mazur et al.,

• Application of the CPH model relies on the

  2021-01-14

  

  Application of the CPH model relies on the assumption that the hazard ratio of two observations is constant over time [2]. This enables us to infer the rate of risk of the treatment. For example, in the study of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [5], the hazard ratio of a group of

• The present study manipulated dopaminergic functioning by ex

  2021-01-14

  

  The present study “manipulated” dopaminergic functioning by examining genetic variation related to the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. The gene transcribes the COMT enzyme involved in degradation of released dopamine in the frontal cortex. COMT is primarily localized to the frontal cortex

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